Once a legal action has been filed and a Complaint has been served on the other party, what is the other party (the Defendant) to do? The Plaintiff has made allegations against the Defendant and requested the Court to do something. The Plaintiff must be able to prove a set of facts in court (and probably to a jury) that they are entitled to the relief they requested in the Complaint. The Defendant will have 20 days to respond. There are two appropriate responses.
The Answer
The Defendant can file an Answer with the Court and serve it on the Plaintiff. Most pro se litigants (pro se meaning they did not hire an attorney), will create a rambling monologue of why the Complaint is not true and how this entire procedure is a case of misjustice. That is not an appropriate Answer and can get the pro se litigant in trouble later in the case.
The proper way to Answer the Complaint is to number the paragraphs in the Answer exactly like the Complaint. For each paragraph in the Complaint, the appropriate response would be “Admit”, “Deny”, or “Without knowledge to admit or deny.” That is all that is required for each numbered statement in the Complaint.
After responding, the numbering continues and will now include the Defendant’s side of the story as Affirmative Defenses and Counterclaims. That is an entire topic for another blog.
Filing and Serving Motion to Dismiss
The other option for a Defendant is to file a Motion to Dismiss. The Defendant “Files” a Motion to Dismiss with the Court and then “Serves” the motion on the Plaintiff. A Motion to Dismiss should be used if the Complaint lacks merit or it is poorly written. Some attorneys always file a Motion to Dismiss. That is a technical maneuver to get the entire complaint dismissed. If the Motion to Dismiss itself lacks merit, it shows a lack of professionalism. Some attorneys use the Motion to Dismiss to gain more time for their client. One use is dealing with eviction or ejectment. The Motion to Dismiss becomes a Motion to Delay to allow their client to stay in possession of property long after they have stopped paying.
Once a Motion to Dismiss is filed, the Defendant is responsible for scheduling oral arguments with the Court. If the Defendant’s attorney wishes to delay, they are in no hurry to schedule oral arguments before the Court. That forces the Plaintiff to waste their time to coordinate the oral arguments. Depending on the Court’s calendar, this could be months away.
Grounds for a Motion to Dismiss
Attorneys should use the Motion to Dismiss because the Complaint is lacking. The Complaint must comply with the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure 1.110, which require short and plain statements. The idea of the Complaint is to put the other party on notice that a legal action has been filed and to give a brief description of the facts. The Complaint is not the place to prove the case, but only to plead the case.
Can Prove No Set of Facts
For purposes of a Motion to Dismiss, the Court must accept any well-pled facts of the Plaintiff’s complaint as true. Provence v. Palm Beach Taverns, Inc., 676 So.2d 1022, 1024 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996). Even though the court will accept the well-pled facts as true for the sake of the Motion to Dismiss, the Plaintiff must still be able to prove the facts. If it is apparent the Plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of their claim, the Motion to Dismiss would be granted. Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41 (1957).
Conflict Within the Complaint
The complaint must allege facts and these facts, for the purposes of a Motion to Dismiss, must be assumed true. However, if the complaint involves some documents upon which the complaint is brought (such as a contract), those documents cannot be in conflict with the complaint. If the complaint articulates one point of view that is different from a point of view in the attached document, the complaint is repugnant. This would be grounds for dismissing the complaint.
Incomplete Document
Florida Rules of Civil Procedure 1.130 requires any documents, upon which an action is brought, to be attached to the complaint. The entire document need not be attached only the significant portions. If the document is not attached, the complaint can be dismissed. This has to be balanced with placing too many documents in the complaint. Documents that are not necessary to plead the case are unnecessary and should not be attached.
Fighting the Motion to Dismiss
Florida Rules of Civil Procedure 1.190 can aid in shortcutting a Motion to Dismiss. The Rule allows the Plaintiff to amend a pleading once, without permission of the Court, prior to a responsive pleading from the Defendant. A Motion to Dismiss is not a responsive pleading. The Motion to Dismiss must outline the deficiencies with specificity and particularity. This provides a wealth of information to the Plaintiff. It explains where there are deficiencies in the Complaint. The Plaintiff can fix the deficiencies and file an Amended Complaint. The Defendant has ten days after the Amended Complaint is filed to serve a response or file another Motion to Dismiss.
The other option is to attend the oral arguments and provide dissect the Motion to Dismiss. Point out where the Defendant is arguing issues of fact. A Motion to Dismiss cannot be granted based on issues of fact. Defendants, even seasoned attorneys, still try to argue the facts in a Motion to Dismiss.
It’s important to know these rules before proceeding with the cause of action. Pro se litigants are at a disadvantage because they have not been formally trained in the rule of this game.